1. Physical phenomena underlying freeze-drying
The basic principles of freeze-drying, which is a procedure for eliminating water by sublimation of crystalline ice, are therefore based on changes in the state of water. This operation, the duration of which depends on the physical characteristics of the ice formed, follows physical mechanisms based on the matter and heat transfer phenomena involved in the sublimation phenomenon.
1.1 Changes in the physical state of water
Exclusive to subscribers. 97% yet to be discovered!
Already subscribed? Log in!
Physical phenomena underlying freeze-drying
Equipment and operating procedures
Bibliography
Exclusive to subscribers. 97% yet to be discovered!
Already subscribed? Log in!
Article included in this offer
"Drugs and pharmaceuticals"
(
130 articles
)
Updated and enriched with articles validated by our scientific committees
A set of exclusive tools to complement the resources
