Biological effects induced by low-frequency ultrasound therapy
Sonodynamic therapy

The biological effects induced by low-frequency sonotherapy are manifold and still debated in the literature. Ultrasound induces sonophysical effects responsible for cellular stress and damage. They also induce sonochemical effects, notably the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in particular ${\text{O}}_2^{·-}$, ${\text{HO}}^{·}$, H₂O₂ and ¹O₂. These ROS generated locally by low-frequency ultrasound are harmful to the cell as highly reactive and oxidizing inducing structural damage to proteins, lipids and DNA strands in particular. Oxidative stress caused by the overproduction...