Methodological framework
Spatial analysis for epidemiology and health geography

In the rest of this article, we'll say that an object is located in space if it has a geographic location, in a well-defined coordinate system (geodesic system, projection...). Location is a two- or three-dimensional attribute in a space with a natural distance (the Euclidean distance), which differentiates it from "classic" one-dimensional attributes.

When objects (individuals or events) are localized, the geographic set to which the objects studied may belong is called the study domain or definition domain, and is called .