Conclusion
Photovoltaic electricity . Materials and Markets

Given the technical and economic data presented above, we can expect photovoltaics to make a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

With regard to the technological channels for the production of photovoltaic panels to meet this high demand, several avenues are envisaged:

• in the case of the currently dominant silicon technology, this involves using ultra-thin (< 150 μm thick), N-type doped and very pure wafers, developing innovative processes to produce cells with very high efficiency (> 27%) and reducing module manufacturing costs by inventing cell architectures requiring minimum handling;

• In the case of thin-film technologies, the aim is to develop low-cost film growth methods that do not use expensive, rare and sometimes harmful materials, by promoting the use of abundant materials (zinc, copper, silicon, etc.)....