2. Estimating the forces to be absorbed by corner joints
Corner joints have to withstand two types of forces: those perpendicular to the plane of the leaf, and those located in its plane. They must therefore be able to fulfill this function.
These are loads linked to wind pressure, and therefore affect all frames, whether sash or frame. Given the eccentricity of the force application, they always result in a torsional reaction torque of the connections, which is a function of the wind load and the eccentricity of the transmitted force in relation to the axis of the loaded part (figure 1).
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