5. Underwater concrete placement
When pouring traditional concrete underwater, it is not uncommon for the material to become dislodged. The mortar and gravel separate, and the laitance leaches out. However, underwater concreting is essential for all marine and hydraulic works (construction or reinforcement of submerged foundations, superstructure foundations, dikes, canals, etc.).
The addition of active colloid can sometimes limit these problems of decohesion.
To limit the washout of concrete cast under water, certain rules must be applied to the choice of constituents and the composition of the concrete.
The material's workability must be maximized to achieve maximum in-place compactness by simple gravity...
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Underwater concrete placement