Conclusion
Soil actions on a retaining wall

In conclusion, understanding the thrust and abutment mechanisms in soils is crucial to the design and safety of retaining structures. The calculation methods proposed, whether Coulomb, Rankine or Boussinesq, offer valuable tools for estimating the forces exerted by soils. Mohr's circles and Kérisel and Absi tables can be used to refine these estimates, taking into account specific geometric and mechanical conditions. Proper consideration of relative displacements between soil and structure is essential to guarantee the long-term stability of retaining structures.