Conclusion
Optical microscopy and laser sources for life sciences imaging

Optical microscopy is a widely used characterization technique in many areas of the life sciences. The linear technique has been perfectly mastered for many years and is now the reference standard. Multiphoton microscopy (MMP) is also a well-known characterization method for biologists of all backgrounds. Many imaging platforms, shared between several users, have been equipped with multiphoton microscopes over the last 20 years. Today, however, many of those in charge of these platforms report that this particularly expensive tool is little used, unlike other systems such as full-field fluorescence microscopes or confocal microscopes. Yet it is clear that the multiphoton microscope provides additional characterization elements that are inaccessible with other methods, such as 3D imaging or excitation multiplexing. However, the complexity of use, particularly in relation to the laser source,...