Photonic crystal fabrication at optical wavelengths
Photonic crystals and photon gaps - Properties and applications

The development of photonic crystals at infrared and visible wavelengths has been a real challenge for micro-nano-technologies, which have in turn benefited greatly from it. Some obstacles have now been overcome, while others are in the process of being. In what follows, we present the main technological solutions that have emerged to date, ranging in order of increasing complexity from two-dimensional to three-dimensional photonic crystals.