OLED characterization
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) emitting white light

The performance of light-emitting diodes can first be characterized by measuring their current-voltage-luminance signature (I-V-L curves).

The I-V-L characteristic curves are plotted by applying an increasing voltage across the device, and taking spot readings of the current flowing through the diode and the light produced. These measurements make it possible to evaluate and relate the electrical properties to the optical properties of the device.

Unlike luminance, which is a directional measurement, external quantum efficiency is a measurement...