4. Rare earth ion doping
Rare earth ions are: Ce3+(4f1), Pr3+(4f2), Nd3+(4f3), Dy3+(4f9), Ho3+(4f10), Er3+(4f11), Tm3+(4f12), Yb3+(4f13).
4.1 Electronic configurations
The electronic structure of the lanthanide ions to which rare earth ions belong is [Xe]4tN where N varies from 0 to 14 from lanthanum to lutetium for trivalent ions. The electrons of 4fN are largely responsible for their optical and magnetic properties.
The optical spectra of rare-earth ions in solids correspond to electronic transitions within the 4f layer. They are characterized by fine lines due to the shielding effect of the 5s and 5p electrons...
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Rare earth ion doping
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