Glossary – Definitions
Refrigeration and heat valorizing : cryogenics

Cryogenics ; cryogenics

Science and technology of low temperatures (below -100°C).

Cryopump ; cryopump

A device that traps residual gas molecules in a vacuum system by condensation or sorption on a very cold surface.

Superfluid helium ; super fluid helium

Liquid phase of helium below 2.2 K.

Cascade ; waterfall

Series connection of several cycles or machines to achieve very low temperatures.

Hybrid machine ; hybrid machine

Machine using two different techniques in judicious combination.

Gas liquefaction ; gas liquefaction

Processes used to liquefy a body which is generally gaseous under ambient conditions.

Joule-Thomson expansion ; Joule- Thomson expansion

Isenthalpic relaxation (no exchange of heat or work with the outside world).

Cryogenic fluid ; cryogenic fluid

Typically air, helium, hydrogen.