1. Calculating linear constants for overhead lines
Like all voltage drop calculations, this one requires knowledge of the line's linear impedances and admittances: resistance, inductance and capacitance per meter of length.
The formulas are based on the three-phase network, which covers almost all cases. They are identical for balanced n-phase networks.
1.1 General case
Let's consider a three-phase line made up of a set of three conductors above ground, which in fact constitutes a fourth conductor that will serve as a reference conductor (figure 1).
Voltage drops over an elementary line section of length dx, for the three conductors, are expressed by the matrix relationship :
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Calculating linear constants for overhead lines
Calculating voltage drops
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