General
Protection against disturbances - Sources of disturbance

There are four main types of disturbance, of natural or artificial origin, which can induce momentary overloads in electrical, electronic and electrotechnical equipment:

• disturbances associated with electrostatic discharges (ESD) ;

• disturbances associated with the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) resulting from a nuclear explosion;

• disturbances associated with lightning strikes ;

• disturbances from inductive sources, corresponding to the direct influence or switching of inductive circuits (relays, transformers, motors, etc.).

These disturbances result in overvoltage or overcurrent on the circuits, depending on their nature.

These...