Conclusion and Recommendations
EU Regulations for Electric Vehicle Batteries toward Circular Economy

The transition towards a CE for the EV-LIBs industry in the EU is a complex endeavor that requires addressing various challenges and implementing effective solutions. The new EU regulations document is an important step towards a more sustainable future for this industry, despite the surrounding challenges of the regulatory transition. In this paper, we explored the CE concept evolution aligned with the policy development in the EU, and we presented the main stockholders according to our analysis of the regulation documents. By understanding the global intention and spirit of the EU regulations, as well as, the actionable details that required by each actor, we recommend some important aspects to be taken into consideration during this regulatory transition.

The intricate nature of LIBs and the evolving battery technologies pose technical challenges in recycling...