Analytical approaches
Propagation acoustique à grande distance : effets de sol et effets météorologiques

Whatever the nature and composition of the soils between source and receiver, homogeneous or discontinuous, their respective influence on the attenuation of the sound wave along the propagation field is significant. Attenuation is a function of both frequency and incidence. The higher the frequency, the greater the attenuation. This general rule applies well to naturally absorbent soils. However, the same cannot be said of certain porous structures with a rigid skeleton, such as porous pavements. In this case, special phenomena due in part to the surface wave cause sound level amplifications at certain frequencies above 1 kHz and at certain angles of incidence above 10° [2][3]...