Blast wave following deflagration in an obstructed space
Analysis of unconfined vapor cloud explosion effects

Flame propagation is strongly influenced by its environment. Consequently, if the flame propagates in an obstructed medium, the flame front wrinkles due to large eddies and turbulent transport. As a result, the surface area of the flame front increases, modifying the upstream flow. This leads to acceleration, and in some cases to a transition to detonation. Consequently, an assessment of the external mechanical effects resulting from an explosion in this context of an obstructed environment requires appropriate methods. This is the purpose of the so-called Multi-Energy predictive methods, or Dorofeev's analytical relationship.