Risks Associated with Climate Change
Disaster threats in the European Union. Natural hazards

The global average temperature is now about 1 °C higher than it was during the pre-industrial era (1850–1899). The years 2019–2025 were the hottest on record, and the summer heatwave in 2026 made that year one of the hottest ever recorded. Despite the goal of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change (2015) to keep global warming well below 2 °C compared to preindustrial temperatures, greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise worldwide. According to the latest projections, global warming could reach 4 °C by 2100 if current climate policies remain in place, and approximately 3 °C if all countries meet the nationally determined contributions set by the Paris Agreement.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), changes in global temperatures are already...