Climate Policies
Energetic Transition. Challenges and Outlooks

Climate negotiations take place within the framework of the annual United Nations Climate Change Conferences (Conference of the Parties, or COP). COP 21, held in Paris in 2015, marked significant progress.

Under the agreement reached, nearly all countries made commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions—unlike what happened with the Kyoto Protocol, which applied only to countries considered industrialized at the time (which excluded China!).

However, these commitments are not legally binding and remain largely insufficient to meet the 2°C limit, let alone the 1.5°C limit. Following the United States’ withdrawal from the agreement—decided by Donald Trump—the Democratic transition provided a favorable development for the continuation of negotiations....