Future prospects
Carbon Dioxide Capture and Geologic Storage (CCS)

The economics of the CCS chain, and more generally the global economics of CO₂ , are gradually coming into place. As the CCS chain is only at the stage of industrial "pilots", it is still rather difficult to predict the cost per ton of CO₂ avoided. The biggest item will probably be capture (15 to 75 e/t), followed by the cost of transport (1 to 8 e/t), geological storage (0.5 to 8 e/t) and monitoring (0.1 to 0.3 e/t).

The obstacles at present are primarily economic: capture and storage costs are still on the order of e50 to e100 per tonne of CO₂ avoided. Cost-cutting actions are essential to ensure the spread of these techniques.

In addition, the application of the technology needs to be...