Conclusion
Characterization of heterogeneous catalysts through model reactions

The examples presented in this article demonstrate the great value of the model reactions developed over more than half a century to characterize the catalysts used in the major industrial processes of refining, petrochemicals and even fine chemicals. Indeed, with this characterization method, carefully selected model reactions can be implemented in conditions such that the catalyst environment is similar to that of the industrial unit. This is an essential advantage, as the information gathered (activity, selectivity and stability) is more relevant and direct than that obtained from physico-chemical characterization alone, which is often carried out under conditions very different from those of the catalyst in operation. This relatively simple method makes it possible to compare and choose between several possible catalysts for the same process. It can also be used to control the quality...