Discontinuous separations
Distillation. Absorption

Single distillation

Simple discontinuous distillation is performed by distillers in the still. The operating principle is the same as for fractional distillation, described in the next paragraph, but there is no column and no reflux.

Fractional distillation

While there are many possible continuous distillation schemes, there is only one batch distillation scheme. This is shown in figure 12 .