Motivations and background
Boolean algebra

Boolean algebra is at the heart of mathematical logic, set theory, information theory, algorithms and their complexity.

• Predicate calculus

  Propositional calculus ("the Laws of Thought") provides a language and rules for formalizing elementary intuitive reasoning. A proposition is a formula whose truth value (true or false) can be evaluated from the truth values given to the input variables x ₁ , x ₂ ,..., x _n .

  Thus, p (x ₁ , x ₂ ) := (x _...