1. Some characteristic properties of gold
Let's start by explaining some fundamental aspects of gold that shed light on the main properties of gold NPs. Here we are interested in the particularities of the element gold, and gold at macroscopic scales, i.e., objects larger than μm.
Gold is a unique element in the periodic table of elements due to its high chemical stability, yellow color, and high malleability. Before discussing its specific properties at the nanoscale, let's briefly review the physical and chemical properties of this element. Gold is one of the only metals found in its native state on the Earth's surface. It is therefore not difficult to separate from ore, as it can be found in the form of nuggets (Figure
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Some characteristic properties of gold