Conclusion
Organic solar cells : materials, nano-morphology and device engineering

High-efficiency organic solar cells (19% by the end of 2021) have been developed around the world. A wealth of research, from chemical synthesis to device engineering, has enabled us to overcome numerous hurdles in order to approach the efficiencies obtained with silicon-based cells, while promising an estimated lifespan of thirty years. However, a number of hurdles remain before organic photovoltaic panels can be mass-produced. The use of "green" solvents, particularly for large-area deposition, remains a real challenge. Limiting the use of rare materials such as indium is another challenge. Nevertheless, it's reasonable to assume that organic photovoltaics, with all its advantages over traditional technologies (semi-transparency, lightness, flexibility, low production energy costs, etc.) has a bright industrial future ahead of it.