Spectroscopy
Optics of material media - Atom, molecules, solids and photons

Spectroscopy is a branch of physics that studies the spectrum of light emitted, absorbed or scattered by the material under study. Thanks to the wide range of spectroscopic techniques that have developed over the years, we can characterize the chemical composition or structural appearance of a wide variety of samples, whether solid, liquid or gaseous, crystalline or amorphous. We present here a non-exhaustive list of these techniques, classifying them by type of light-matter interaction.