What are the founding principles of the systems approach?
The contribution of the systems approach to project management

A set of elements interact with each other according to certain principles or rules. A system is made up of its elements, interaction links, and a boundary that enables the exchange of energy, information and matter with the outside world.

A system has a purpose. The purpose emerges from all the elements of a system. It may differ from the objective assigned to the system. Some projects, for example, have...