Conclusion
Making decisions when confronted with complexity and emergency

Human factors, both individual and organizational, are key elements in taking safety into account in organizations. Understanding the phenomena at play is vital for decision-makers, and it is very important to develop their human qualities. Taking into account bounded rationality, using emotional intelligence and intuition, and accepting one's own limits, are essential to managing complexity.

Complexity and urgency are both relative, and this "double bind" can occur in many contexts. It is the given situation (the stakes and consequences) and not the generating event (the...