Instrumentation
Aircraft Icing : Airborne Measurements for Certification Purposes

For flight tests designed to validate de-icing or anti-icing systems, the aircraft must be equipped with the measuring equipment needed to position the test point on the envelopes in appendix C. To do this, it is necessary to know the cloud's water content and to measure the median volume diameter, in addition to conventional quantities such as temperature, altitude, speed, etc.

In order to define the appropriate instrumentation, let's recall that a cloud of liquid water droplets can contain up to 10,000 particles per cubic centimeter, with diameters ranging from 0 to several tens of microns, if...