Energy transition
Analysis and energy outlook

Currently, in many countries around the world, there is talk of an energy transition. Its aim is to reduce fossil fuel consumption and emit less CO₂ into the atmosphere. These reductions are entirely necessary objectives, but the energy transition must be applied differently in each country, as energy situations differ. We also note that the means implemented to achieve these objectives sometimes run counter to them. For example, wind and solar power, which are intermittent energies, require additional CO₂-emitting means to supply electricity when there is no wind or sun. Indeed, modern consumers no longer accept being deprived of electricity when they need it.

Nor should we confuse reducing CO₂ emissions with reducing energy consumption. If the latter comes from a decarbonized source, a reduction in consumption will not reduce CO₂ emissions. Energy...