Conceptual framework for urban brown grid (TBr)
Characterisation of the urban brown network - Tram’BioSol project

Following the Climate and Resilience Act of August 22, 2021, soil artificialisation is now defined in Article L. 101-2-1 of the French Town Planning Code as "the lasting alteration of all or part of the ecological functions of a soil, in particular its biological, hydric and climatic functions, as well as its agronomic potential by its occupation or use". Soil functions are largely ensured by soil biodiversity, thanks to complex trophic and non-trophic interactions between biotic and abiotic soil components (figure