Concluding remarks
The engineers in the challenge of the participative expertises

Here, we have followed the situations of expertise that engineers might face, and to this end we have built an onion peel analysis model, which seeks to bring a little order to a very complex and evolving universe, even if it is already a long evolution (Denis Duclos described in 1989 "the intrusion of the unpredictable into the engineer's function" ). In this sense, it's an artifact: problems rarely present themselves according to these patterns. But it is the role of an artifact to propose a configuration of reality that enables us to think about it.

Starting with...