1. Engineers and their training up to the middle of the 20th century
In this first section, we'll take a look at the history of engineers and their training through a number of generic characteristics, in order to gain a better understanding of the origins of the engineering professions.
1.1 From the Ancien Régime to the 19th century: the rise of engineers
During these two centuries, the selection of engineers was based on two principles of political governance: meritocracy and elitism, and on two highly valued scientific disciplines: mathematics and the physical sciences
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Engineers and their training up to the middle of the 20th century
The evolution of engineering concepts and training since 1950
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