Spontaneous self-organization
Forming nano-objects in crystal molds

Although inert matter is far from matching the intelligence of regulated biological processes, their degree of precision and their extraordinarily complex self-assembly capabilities, it is nonetheless highly efficient, given its capacity for self-organization despite its elementary degree of refinement. Indeed, despite its rudimentary structure, inert matter, prepared under certain conditions, can reveal an infinite wealth of behaviors and structures. This generally occurs when matter is brought out of equilibrium. This is a general question in the science of irreversible out-of-equilibrium phenomena, which is not limited to the systems discussed in this text, but is universal in scope. One of the most famous examples to emerge from...