Conclusion
Specifications and applications of force feedback interfaces: general introduction and teleoperation

There are many fields in which neither humans nor robots can operate alone; humans because the environment is hostile and/or inaccessible, and robots because, despite continuous advances in mechatronics, control systems, and artificial intelligence, they still lack the capabilities to autonomously carry out missions involving complex, largely unpredictable, and/or critical tasks with a satisfactory level of reliability and safety.

To carry out these operations, which generally require precise control over movement and the forces exerted on the environment, force-feedback teleoperation systems are used. These systems combine the robots’ ability to work and operate in a remote environment with the analytical, decision-making, and adaptive capabilities of the operators, who retain control and retain the final decision-making authority.

Such...