4. Algorithmic framework for programs
Any procedural unit (main program or procedure) comprises two parts: a section declaring the entities local to the unit, and a sequence of executable instructions expressing the sequence of calculations to be carried out to solve a given problem. These instructions include simple instructions, and compound instructions expressing the unit's algorithmic structure.
These various instructions involve expressions, in the mathematical sense of the term, which we present first.
An expression expresses a calculation, and has a value, which is the result of this calculation when the expression is evaluated. It can take the form of a constant, a variable (the value being that of the variable at the time of evaluation), a sub-object...
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Algorithmic framework for programs