1. Sol-gel process chemistry
The sol-gel process is a so-called "soft chemistry" method for obtaining ceramics by simple polymerization of molecular precursors in solution [14][15]. These precursors can be inorganic salts (Al(NO3)3, for example), but are most often transition metal or silicon alkoxides of the general formula M(OR)4 with M = Si, Ti, Zr...
The formation of an oxide network from alkoxides involves the hydrolysis and condensation reactions described in figure
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Sol-gel process chemistry