In a textile, the fibers are never in direct contact, and the
spaces left between them are called “pores” or “porous spaces.” For
a porous material, porosity is expressed as a volume percentage and
is calculated as the ratio of the total pore volume to the total material
volume. If we define the compactness of a filter as
the ratio of the volume of material to the total volume of the yarn
(Equation (11)), then the total porosity is
given by:
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(1) - EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT
AGENCY (EEA) - Harm to human health from air pollution
in Europe: Burden of disease status - (2025). https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/...
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