Conclusion
Thermal effect of metal forming - Surface phenomena

In this article, we have discussed and modeled the various phenomena conditioning the surface thermal evolution of metal and tool during shaping: thermal conduction between antagonists due to their temperature difference and the energy dissipated by friction.

We have deduced the thermal evolution of the tool and the consequences on its surface stress state, its thermal fatigue and the structural evolutions of tool steels responsible for the evolution of their surface hardness. The models presented enable us to better formulate the numerical simulation of these phenomena and thus numerically predict tool damage and wear [M 7 530][M 7 531][M 7 532]