Secondary metallurgy processes
Secundary metallurgy: tools and processes

First developed around 1954, the vacuum casting process, also known as the Bochumer Verein process after the company that created it, involves exposing the metal stream to a rarefied atmosphere ( , ). Under the effect of vacuum, the metal jet is divided into fine droplets and the exchange surface thus created is particularly favorable to degassing reactions, especially dehydrogenation. As a result, this process has proved highly attractive for the manufacture of large forging ingots. .

Figure 6 shows several variants of this process: as a ladle-to-ladle (figure...