Secondary metallurgy processes
Secundary metallurgy: tools and processes

First developed around 1954, the vacuum casting process, also known as the Bochumer Verein process after the company that created it, involves exposing the metal stream to a rarefied atmosphere (, ). Under the effect of vacuum, the metal jet is divided into fine droplets and the exchange surface thus created is particularly favorable to degassing reactions, especially dehydrogenation. As a result, this process has proved highly attractive for the manufacture of large forging ingots. .

Figure 6 shows several variants of this process: as a ladle-to-ladle (figure 6 a) and as a ladle-to-ladle...