Measurements by gel permeation chromatography (steric exclusion)
Average molar masses

GPC equipment, described in the treatise Analyse et Caractérisation, Chromatographie par perméographie de gel [P 1 465] , has undergone major improvements due to its similarity to liquid chromatography equipment, which has developed considerably over the last decade. Excellent high-pressure pumps with extremely stable flow rates and high-performance automatic injectors are now available. Refractometric detectors have also been considerably improved in terms of stability and sensitivity. Equipment has become increasingly automatic and sophisticated, thanks to simultaneous advances in electronics and computing.

The GPC 150C chromatograph...