Degradation mechanisms
Understanding and mitigation of Li-ion batteries ageing

Positive battery electrode: electrode which has the potential (noted E₊ or $E_{\text{pos}}$).

Negative battery electrode: electrode which has the potential (noted E_– or $E_{\text{neg}}$).

Active material: in a lithium-ion battery, this is the material that reversibly inserts and de-inserts lithium. A positive electrode active material (de)inserts lithium ions in a potential range generally between 2 V and 4.3 V vs Li⁺/Li. A negative electrode active material (de)inserts lithium ions in a potential range classically between 2 V and 0 V vs Li⁺/Li. (Note: insertion...