3. Hardened concrete
3.1 Cement hydration
The various cement constituents react with the mixing water (figure 7). Thus, calcium silicates (SiO2.3CaO and SiO2.2CaO) give a hydrated calcium silicate (2SiO2.3CaO.3H2O), known as C-S-H, which is primarily responsible for cement hardening. These reactions are accompanied by the formation of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], known as "portlandite", which can react with other constituents, such as tricalcium aluminate (3CaO.Al2O3).
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Hardened concrete
Passivation of reinforcement in sound concrete
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