7. In conclusion
This article describes the equilibrium structures of grain boundaries, but real boundaries, like crystals, are never perfect. It is these imperfections that give grain boundaries most of their useful characteristics: resistance or otherwise to deformation, corrosion and fracture, susceptibility to segregation and precipitation, and electrical or ionic conductivity...
A second article will deal with these "defects", the knowledge and control of which make it possible to control – and even improve – the properties of materials, leading to the concept of "grain boundary engineering".
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In conclusion
Bibliography
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