Nanomaterials of the graphene family
Properties of nano-objects : critical lengths, size and shape effects

Graphite is a stack of graphene planes rotated 60° with respect to each other (Bernal stack). . Each carbon atom in a graphene plane exhibits sp² hybridization and establishes three σ-bonds with its three nearest neighbors. The fourth electron propagates through the π bands derived from the p_z orbitals perpendicular to the atomic plane. Graphene is a metallic conductor whose band diagram is characterized by an energy that depends locally linearly on the wave vector k, which is unusual since usually the energy of electrons in a...