General
Numerical simulation of blow-molding processes

The various thermoforming processes are described in the Techniques de l'Ingénieur article [38] . Here, we recall the successive stages of the most classic process (figure 1 ):

• Solid-state heating of the foil (usually by an infrared device).

• Position the sheet on the mold cavity.

• Production of the part by vacuum and possible assistance of a piston.

• Cooling and ejection.

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