Characterization
Three-dimensional textile textures

A 3D textile is defined first and foremost by its production process and the nature of the yarns involved. The production process is characterized by the technology used and the yarn crossing modes; the yarns are characterized by their linear mass, in tex $\left(\mathrm{g/1}\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{000}\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}m}\right)$, their twist, the number of unit filaments and the type of sizing.

It is important to define the following parameters, specific to multidirectional textiles.

• Wire orientation in x-y-z space

  Different situations arise depending on the geometry of the structure and its manufacturing technology.

  • Flat structures by multilayer 3D weaving: warp and weft wires crossed at 90˚ define the x-y plane,...