Glasses and ceramics

The latest publications in this offer are:

• September 4, 2026

  A9785 Reviewed

  Glass packaging

  Today, glassware for packaging has more or less the same physiognomy in all developed countries. This is an industry whose heavy investments and technology (production rates, working temperatures) could be described as "heavy" like metallurgy, but whose markets (food, pharmaceuticals, perfumery) involve mass consumption industries that require more and more packaging, representing only the first link in a logistics chain where productivity and flexibility are essential factors. Despite increased competition from other materials in its traditional markets, glass packaging is holding up well, especially in Europe.

• July 10, 2026

  N4809

  Numerical Simulation of Ceramic Sintering

  The simulation of ceramic sintering is an essential tool for predicting deformations, estimating final properties, and optimizing industrial processes. This article examines the main challenges in modeling, such as heating of large parts, deformation control, and thermal cycle optimization. Various finite element–based models are presented, along with their mechanisms and the experimental identification of parameters. Thermo-mechanical coupling is discussed, as well as innovative processes such as flash and microwave sintering. Several examples illustrate the contribution of simulation to structures engineering, heating rates, and the transition toward faster sintering cycles.

• July 10, 2026

  N4406

  Structural Sealant Glazing and Spider Fitting Glazing. Determination of Thickness

  The glazing discussed in this article is that whose implementation is not dealt with in NF DTU 39 standard. This glazing is either fixed to a frame by bonding around its perimeter or attached by point fixings to a structure. The method for determining the thicknesses of such glazing is presented for use in building construction in France. Based on the various loads exerted on the glazing, depending on their origin, it will be necessary to verify that the proposed glazing composition meets the mechanical resistance and deflection criteria for the structure in which the glazing is installed.

• July 10, 2026

  N4405

  Traditionally Installed Glazing. Determining Thickness

  This article presents how the thicknesses of glazing used in building structures in France are determined. The glazing units are considered to be installed in a frame and supported totally or partially on their periphery. The determination process consists, first of all, in defining the different loads that are exerted on the glazing, according to their origin. Then, among the different possible combinations of these loads, the highest is retained. Next, it is a question of verifying that the glass composition chosen a priori meets the resistance and deflection criteria for the structure in which the glazing is installed.

• June 10, 2026

  N4853

  Degradation of refractories by slags in steelmaking - Examples and improvement of refractory performance

  Dissolution, slag infiltration into the porosity of refractories, and erosion of the transformed surface are all mechanisms involved in the degradation of refractories by slag in steelmaking. The examples presented—based on industrial practices—illustrate the corrosion of different families of refractories during the stages of steel production.

• June 10, 2026

  N4852

  Degradation of refractories by slags in steelmaking - Corrosion mechanisms and evolution with slag composition

  A wide variety of refractory materials are used in a steel mill, with approximately 500 commercial grades for consumable refractories alone. This is due to an ongoing effort to optimize their performance and costs. From the upstream to the downstream sections of the plant, several major families of refractories are used, all of which are absolutely essential and whose development has at times been a key factor in the emergence of steelmaking processes—for example, magnesia-carbon bricks for the oxygen-blown converter process in the 1970s. During steel production, slags and temperatures vary significantly across different furnaces and equipment; this is the primary reason why different types of refractories must be used.

• June 10, 2026

  COR450

  Aqueous alteration of Silicate - Glass Case of Nuclear Glasses

  This article presents the mechanisms of water-induced alteration of silicate glasses with a special focused on those for nuclear waste containment. It details the influence of various key parameters, such as temperature, pH, and changes in the composition of both the glasses and the solution, on these mechanisms, and explains how the competition between different alteration processes leads to kinetics that may vary over several orders of magnitude. The experimental methods that can be used to quantify the alteration kinetics of glasses are also presented.

• April 10, 2026

  E1925

  General characteristics of condensators – Ceramic capacitors

  This article concerns ceramic capacitors, passive components used in every domain of electronics. Their electrical performance and properties depend on their manufacturing technology and on the nature of their dielectric and metal materials. Choice of capacitor type depends on the desired application. It must take into account the value of the desired capacitance and the behavior of the dielectric according to the conditions of use. Implementation and bonding technologies together with reliability and cost constraints are other choice factors to consider.

• March 19, 2026

  N4801 Reviewed

  Ceramic coatings by assisted PVD or CVD or plasma spraying

  In order to address the fragility, complexity and cost of ceramic parts, the industry has developed ceramic coatings on metal parts with a thickness ranging from a few millimeters up to several meters. The thin deposits (of less than a few millimeters) are formed either by physical vapor deposition evaporation assisted by electrons, ions, plasma, laser, or by chemical vapor deposition assisted or not by plasma. Thick deposits (from 50 to a few millimeters) are achieved by spraying particles of a few tens of millimeters via flame or thermal plasma. Certain application examples, related to the properties of the deposits obtained, are presented. After having provided a brief assessment of the costs of the various deposits, this article deals with development prospects.

• January 14, 2026

  N4950 Reviewed

  Calcium phosphate-based biomaterials

  Calcium phosphate-based biomaterials (CaP) have developed considerably over the last decades due to their excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. The main calcium phosphates used as biomaterials as well as their synthesis routes and their physico-chemical properties are described. Various processing techniques and a few applications are detailed: bioceramics, coatings, cements and composites. Biological properties and standards are also presented.

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