3. Measurement methods
There are two types of isotope use: those requiring isotope ratio measurements, and those where the identification of labeled elements or molecules is sufficient.
For measuring isotope ratios of elements with several isotopes (up to ten for tin), mass spectrometry, in one or other of its variants, is the method that is always applicable and provides the best accuracy, precision and sensitivity, hence its almost exclusive use for problems in geochemistry and the nuclear industry.
For isotope analysis in biology, NMR is most often required.
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Measurement methods