Conclusions
Laser sources - Analysis and characterization

Lasers are ideal sources for analyzing and characterizing matter. The great evolution of the last decade is certainly due to the development of femtosecond laser sources, which provide an interesting answer in many cases, and whose potential for evolution is still unsuspected. Laser ablation has entered the field to vaporize solids and prepare the micro-laboratories of the future. In spectroscopy, progress is being made in laser tunability, which will enable systems to be miniaturized, while maintaining the high resolution and sensitivity needed to identify even trace chemical species. The applications of laser systems can be found in practically every field, and the ingenuity of research is constantly increasing the number.